Hank talks about the molecules that make up every living thing - carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins - and how we find them in our environment and in the food that we eat.

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Professor of marine biology Dr. Kory Evans answers your questions about fish from Twitter. Why are orcas attacking boats? What is the fastest creature in the sea? How do octopi change colors to match their environment? Are jellyfish immortal? Answers to these questions and many more await—it's Marine Biology Support.

Director: Lisandro Perez-Rey
Director of Photography: Constantine Economides
Editor: Richard Trammell
Expert: Dr. Kory Evans
Line Producer: Joseph Buscemi
Associate Producer: Brandon White; Paul Gulyas
Production Manager: Peter Brunette
Production & Equipment Manager: Kevin Balash
Casting Producer: Nick Sawyer
Camera Operator: Mar
Sound Mixer: Rebecca O’Neill
Production Assistant: Caleb Clark
Post Production Supervisor: Christian Olguin
Post Production Coordinator: Ian Bryant
Supervising Editor: Doug Larsen
Additional Editor: Paul Tael
Assistant Editor: Billy Ward

00:00 Marine Biology Support
00:10 Is Finding Nemo accurate?
01:00 How do white and brown sand differ?
01:35 How do schools of fish swim in harmony?
02:31 Why are orcas attacking boats?
03:12 What is the fastest sea creature?
03:31 Where do shells come from?
04:26 How do starfish know they're hungry?
05:15 How do mantis shrimp see more colors than humans?
05:56 How did angler fish evolve to emit light?
06:28 What is the smartest animal in the sea?
06:49 How do octopi change their colors?
07:14 How do you tell a fish's age?
07:42 How are fish classified?
08:20 Do all fish have similar fins?
09:08 Does coral count as an animal?
09:56 How do goblin sharks eat?
10:28 Are vampire squids real?
11:02 When did whales learn to walk on land?
11:25 Are seahorses real?
12:00 What is the best defense mechanism in the sea?
12:47 What do fish breathe in: water or air?
13:25 How do sea creatures know where to migrate?
13:58 What is diel vertical migration?
14:33 What lives in the Mariana Trench?
15:12 How do bioluminescent waves work?
15:36 Are jellyfish immortal?
16:36 Where did hermit crabs come from?
17:09 Do fish sleep?

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Hank introduces us to that wondrous molecule deoxyribonucleic acid - also known as DNA - and explains how it replicates itself in our cells.

References:
http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/watsoncrick.pdf
http://publications.nigms.nih.....gov/thenewgenetics/c
http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect20/A12.html
http://www.nature.com/scitable..../topicpage/discovery
http://www.uic.edu/classes/phy....s/phys461/phys450/AN
http://www.buzzle.com/articles..../dna-replication-ste
http://www.dnareplication.info..../stepsofdnareplicati
http://salamandercandy.wordpre....ss.com/2007/02/05/ho
http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/franklin.html
http://www.fmi.ch/members/mari....lyn.vaccaro/ewww/dna
http://www.strangescience.net/rfranklin.htm

1:41 link to Biological Molecules http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8WJ2KENlK0

Table of Contents:
1) Nucleic Acids 1:30
2) DNA
-A) Polymers 1:53
-B) Three Ingredients 2:12
-C) Base Pairs 3:45
-D) Base Sequences 4:13
3) Pop Quiz 5:07
4) RNA 5:36
-A) Three Differences from DNA 5:43
5) Biolography 6:16
6) Replication 8:49
-A) Helicase and Unzipping 9:22
-B) Leading Strand 9:38
-C) DNA Polymerase 10:08
-D) RNA Primase 10:24
-E) Lagging Strand 10:46
-F) Okazaki Fragments 11:07
-F) DNA Ligase 11:47

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Biologist Thor Hanson is back again to answer even more of the internet's burning questions about biology. What happens if a whale eats you? Why do ticks and fleas and mosquitoes exist? What is the most recent species to go extinct? Thor answers all these questions and much more!

Read THOR HANSON’s book Hurricane Lizards and Plastic Squid:
https://www.basicbooks.com/tit....les/thor-hanson/hurr

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ABOUT WIRED
WIRED is where tomorrow is realized. Through thought-provoking stories and videos, WIRED explores the future of business, innovation, and culture.

A biologist’s natural habitat is anywhere questions about life are being asked—whether the subject is a nematode or a narwhal, a single cell, or a whole ecosystem. In this episode of Crash Course Biology, we’re flipping the microscope around to show how biologists’ work goes down. Along the way, we’ll learn why zebrafish and fruit flies are some of biology’s next top models.

Chapters:
Studying Life 00:00
Your Local Biologist 1:20
Biologists At Work 3:05
Real Life Biologists 5:17
Model Organisms 8:49
Review & Credits 11:10

This series was produced in collaboration with HHMI BioInteractive, committed to empowering educators and inspiring students with engaging, accessible, and quality classroom resources. Visit https://BioInteractive.org/CrashCourse for more information.

Sources: https://docs.google.com/docume....nt/d/1GLDtAXE6ekg4Ch

***
Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
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Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Katie, Tori Thomas, DL Singfield, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Burt Humburg, Allyson Martin, Aziz Y, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Jon Allen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, William McGraw, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Pineapples of Solidarity, Katie Dean, Stephen McCandless, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Mark, Caleb Weeks.
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Hank explains the extremely complex series of reactions whereby plants feed themselves on sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, and also create some by products we're pretty fond of as well.

This video uses sounds from Freesound.org.

Citations:
http://biology.about.com/od/pl....antbiology/a/aa05060
http://www.rsc.org/Education/T....eachers/Resources/cf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21598/
http://www.life.illinois.edu/g....ovindjee/paper/gov.h
http://scienceaid.co.uk/biolog....y/biochemistry/photo
http://www.biology-innovation.....co.uk/pages/plant-bi
http://chemistry.about.com/od/....lecturenotesl3/a/pho
http://www.bio.umass.edu/biolo....gy/conn.river/calvin
http://www.talkorigins.org/faq....s/thermo/probability

Table of Contents:
1) Water 1:16
2) Carbon Dioxide 1:32
3) Sunlight/Photons 1:43
4) Chloroplasts 1:57
5) Light Reaction/Light-Dependent 2:42
a. Photosystem II 3:33
b. Cytochrome Complex 5:54
c. ATP Synthase 6:16
d. Photosystem I 7:06
6) Dark Reactions/Light-Independent 7:55
a. Phase 1 - Carbon Fixation 8:50
b. Phase 2 - Reduction 11:31
c. Phase 3 - Regeneration 12:02

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How does a cell decide whether to become a mom-cell or a dad-cell? Scientists once thought it was completely random. But experiments with mice showed that an entire organ, an eye, for example, can be mostly mom-cells or mostly dad-cells. It’s not random! It’s a mystery how the cell decides.

Scientists know the X chromosome much better. It’s part of the system that determines whether we become male or female. If an egg inherits an X chromosome from both parents, it becomes female. If it gets an X from its mother and a Y from its father, it becomes male.

But the X chromosome remains mysterious.

For one thing, females shut down an X chromosome in every cell, leaving only one active. That’s a drastic step to take, given that the X chromosome has more than 1,000 genes.

In some cells, the father’s goes dormant, and in others, the mother’s does. While scientists have known about this so-called X-chromosome inactivation for more than five decades, they still know little about the rules it follows, or even how it evolved.

In the journal Neuron, a team of scientists has unveiled an unprecedented view of X-chromosome inactivation in the body. They found a remarkable complexity to the pattern in which the chromosomes were switched on and off.

At the same time, each copy of the X chromosome contains versions of genes not found on its partner. So having two X chromosomes gives females more genetic diversity than males, with their single X chromosome. Because of that, females have a genetic complexity that scientists are only starting to understand.

Video Editor: Team 121 Creators (https://bit.ly/team121x)
Narration: Sidhart Viyapu (https://bit.ly/sidvoice)
Project Head: Rajkumar Shukla
Production: World Of Science Media (https://theworldofscience.co)

©2022, World Of Science (WOS) Media. All Rights Reserved.

-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "The $1 Trillion Project Of Turning Sahara Green Again! What Could Go Wrong?" - https://youtu.be/mA77Pmwx9r0
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

#khansirpatna #biology

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Best Coaching Institute in Patna For UPSC, UPPCS, BEO, UPSSSC, SSC, Bank, Rly, Airforce, NDA, CDS, CPF and Other competitive Examination.

Teacher - Khan Sir
Address - Kishan Cold Storage, Sai Mandir, Musallah pur, Patna 800006
Call - 8757354880, 8877918018

How does your body regulate your internal conditions? How does it detect changes and respond to them? What is an automatic control system and how does it use negative feedback?
Find out all this and more in less than 5 minutes!

Watch this episode uncensored & ad-free on Patreon: https://patreon.com/dannyjones
Jack Kruse is a neurosurgeon who focuses on the study of physics, light, magnetism, and electricity. He ultimately concluded that modern medicine lacked a deep understanding of how humans function in relation to the natural world.

SPONSORS
https://lucy.co/danny - use code DANNY for 20% off your first order.
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EPISODE LINKS
https://x.com/DrJackKruse
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https://jackkruse.com

FOLLOW DANNY JONES
https://www.instagram.com/dannyjones
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LISTEN ON
Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/....4VTLG0HiIZaCjH9gE6NF
Apple - https://itunes.apple.com/podcast/id1441238966

OUTLINE
00:00 - Making America healthy
18:23 - Dr. Becker & the body's electric current
28:35 - who built Las Vegas
36:04 - MK-ULTRA's blue light weapon
43:38 - Marshmello experiment
01:00:11 - Mysterious nuclear medical device
01:12:09 - Unconventional weapons
01:25:37 - The NEW MK-Ultra
01:35:14 - Funding black operations
01:43:14 - Why the deep state hates Trump
01:49:18 - Follow the money
01:54:25 - Rick Rubin
01:59:08 - Allodial money
02:07:43 - Uniting America
02:15:44 - JFK
02:28:42 - Saving Rick Rubin's life
02:30:54 - Dealing w/ death as a neurosurgeon
02:42:43 - 20-hour brain surgery
02:46:20 - Methylene blue
02:51:02 - Unconventional brain surgery techniques
03:03:50 - How the human body creates light
03:09:37 - Red light can repair vision
03:13:35 - Dom D'Agostino & ketosis
03:21:31 - Blue light & testosterone
03:30:42 - Debunking health trends
03:32:18 - Jack's personal health protocol
03:37:30 - Why the human body works better in cold
03:42:14 - How humans will survive on Mars
03:48:07 - Neuroplasticity
04:01:40 - Making skin invisible
04:07:57 - Muscle is bad for longevity

In which Hank does some push-ups for science and describes the "economy" of cellular respiration and the various processes whereby our bodies create energy in the form of ATP.

Special thanks go to Stafford Fitness (www.staffordfitness.net) for allowing us to shoot the gym scenes in their facilities.

This video uses sounds from Freesound.org

Table of Contents:
1) Cellular Respiration 01:00
2) Adenosine Triphosphate 01:29
3) Glycolysis 4:13
A) Pyruvate Molecules 5:00
B) Anaerobic Respiration/Fermentation 5:33
C) Aerobic Respiration 6:45
4) Krebs Cycle 7:06
A) Acetyl COA 7:38
B) Oxaloacetic Acid 8:21
C) Biolography: Hans Krebs 8:37
D) NAD/FAD 9:48
5) Electron Transport Chain 10:55
6) Check the Math 12:33

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In this video, we cover:
- The different types of cell (Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic)
- The differences and similarities between the structures of plant, animal, and bacterial cells
- The sub-cellular structures / organelles you need to know
- The four sub-cellular structures common to both animals and plants: mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and ribosomes
- The three extra sub-cellular structure that plants have: cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts
- The extra structures bacteria have: plasmids, flagella, circular strand of DNA

Exam board specific info:
AQA - Suitable for everyone
IGCSE Edexcel - Suitable for everyone
Edexcel - Suitable for everyone
OCR 21st Century - Suitable for everyone
OCR Gateway - Suitable for everyone

Maths Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLidqqIGKox7

GCSE Chemistry playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fN8kH9Vvqo0&list=PLidqqIGKox7WeOKVGHxcd69kKqtwrKl8W

GCSE Biology Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--dIBinUdeU&list=PLidqqIGKox7X5UFT-expKIuR-i-BN3Q1g

GCSE Physics Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHVJfRxeAxo&list=PLidqqIGKox7UVC-8WC9djoeBzwxPeXph7