Why did the Ottoman Caliphate fall 99 years ago? with Dr Yakoob Ahmed
99 years ago, the Ottoman Caliphate, the world's last widely recognised caliphate, was abolished on 3 March 1924 (27 Rajab 1342 AH) by decree of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The process was one of Atatürk's reforms following the replacement of the Ottoman Empire with the Republic of Turkey. Abdulmejid II was deposed as the last Ottoman caliph, as was Mustafa Sabri as the last Ottoman Shaykh al-Islām.
We explore the circumstances that led to this momentous event. Why did the Ottoman Caliphate fall? What should this date mean to us and what impact did this decision have on Muslims at the time and has on us today?
Dr Yakoob Ahmed holds a PhD from SOAS, University of London. An Ottoman historian, he is currently teaching Islamic history at Istanbul University and was a visiting fellow at the Modern Turkish Studies Centre at Istanbul Şehir University. His research focuses are Muslim intellectual thought in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Islamic constitutionalism, identity, nationalism and collective memory construction.
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The Thinking Muslim Podcast Episode 85
00:00 - 2:32 Introduction
2:32- 6:24 Visit to the US
6:24 – 9:09 British Muslims' questions about the Ottomans
9:09 - 13:00 What does the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate symbolise?
13:00 - 17:10 How much is the Ottoman Caliphate a model for a future Caliphate, why are Ottomans not referred to enough?
17:10 - 24:00 Why was the last Caliph deposed? What is the significance of separating the Caliphate from the Sultanate?
24:00 -29:10 Who were the Nationalists who deposed the last sultan and what were their motivations? Were the revolutionaries in 1908 anti-Islamic?
29:10 - 29:45 Emergence of Nationalism as a response to the collapse of the Caliphate
29:45- 35:26 Why were people against Sultan Abdul Hamid even though he stabilized the period of the annexation of Muslim lands?
35:26- 37:50 Role of the West in inciting nationalism within the Muslim community of European territories under the Ottomans
37:50 - 38:32 Role of Arabism in paving paths for Arab Nationalism
38:32 - 40:52 Impact of First World War on Muslims
40:52 - 45:12 How far does the Ottoman internal feeling of inferiority after the First World War, in the midst of the rise of technological power of the Europeans, contribute to their decline?
45:12 - 49:23 Understanding the debate between Islam and the subscription of the Caliphate to Modernity
49:23 - 53:47 What led the Ottomans to support the Germans in the First World War?
53:47 - 1:01:24 What is the reason for the Empire to remove the Caliphate completely even when it did not have any political or legislative power?
1:01:24 -1:08:19 About the attempts in different parts of the world to re-establish the Caliphate
1:08:19- 1:12:46 What happened to Mustafa Sabri after he was removed?
1:12:46-1:13:59 The complexities of understanding historical events
1:13:59- 1:16:55 Chances for a new Caliphate
1:16:55 - 1:17:15 Additional resources
