Chemists need stoichiometry to make the scale of chemistry more understandable - Hank is here to explain why and to teach us how to use it.

Watch this video in Spanish on our Crash Course en Español channel: https://youtu.be/dZoMgEhNKKg

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Table of Contents
Atomic Mass Units 2:24
Moles 5:12
Molar Mass 5:59
Equation Balancing 8:45
Molar Ratios 11:11

Resources:
http://www.chemistry.oregonsta....te.edu/courses/ch121
http://www.iupac.org/publicati....ons/ci/2004/2601/1_h

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In this tutorial video, we compare trends in the first ionization energy, second ionization energy, and third ionization energy for Na, Mg, and Si. Electron configurations are used to determine if a core electron or valance electron is being removed.

This video tutorial provides a basic introduction into organic chemistry. Here is a list of topics:

1. How to draw lewis structures of organic compounds
2. Identifying functional groups - alkanes, alkenes, & alkynes
3. Formal charge calculations
4. Resonance structures
5. Basic IUPAC nomenclature of alkanes

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Organic Chemistry - Basic Introduction:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_ketdzJtY8

Which Bond Is More Polar?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0-a5HzSzdE

How To Draw Lewis Structures:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6unef5Hz6SU

Condensed Structures to Skeletal Structures:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRkvjKHFNDA

Functional Groups Review:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9jM8lWxrAE

Primary, Secondary, & Tertiary Functional Groups:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_Zhb0nQEvE

_________________________________
How To Calculate Formal Charge:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2l-76VP8s0

Finding Lone Pairs Using Formal Charge:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlCPY6iXQ1c

Dipole Moment & Electronegativity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFAU1GMJmnI

Predicting Bond Angles:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPS7zdg8HzY

Valence Bond Theory:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vqx9a2aU99c

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdJeQUd2g_4

_______________________________
Bond Strength and Bond Length:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSRY95IAwF8

Orbital Overlap and Bond Length:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BatJrR5sblA

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DID WE LIKE CHEMISTRY 101 FOR HOMESCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE??? CURRICULUM REVIEW

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how to get an A in general chemistry I & II | chem 101 & 102
WHEW, these classes were hard but with my tips you can be sure to pass general chemistry 101 and 102.
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https://poolsupplyworld.com/?utm_medium=organic&utm_source=youtube&utm_campaign=pool-chemistry-101

Learn about the 5 most important chemical levels in your swimming pool. Got questions? Email us directly at marketing@poolsupplyworld.com

Video Transcription:

Hey! Blake here from PSW and I’m back today to talk to you about Pool Chemistry 101. We’re going to cover the 5 chemicals in your pool so you. Its important to know what they are, what they do, and what the ideal range is - so you can have a trouble free swimming pool.

First we will dive in with Free Chlorine (or FC)
Free Chlorine is the sanitizer that is going to keep your pool safe and free of germs. When there is FC in your pool, its available to breakdown organic matter - like algae - to keep your pool safe. FC can be consumed one of two ways: by breaking down organic matter like algae, or it can burn off from the sun. For that reason, it is important to understand that you need to continuously replenish the FC level in your pool. The ideal FC level in your swimming pool will vary based on your CYA level, which we will get to in a minute.

Acidity (pH)
pH is the acidity level of your pool, so it will indicate how acidic or basic your pool is. It’s important to have it in the sweet spot because if it gets too low, it will burn your eyes or skin. If pH gets too high, it can damage metal components of your swimming pool. The ideal level is 7.4 to 7.8. You can lower pH by adding acid, or you can raise your pH level by using soda ash. We sell both of those products - we call them pH-UP and pH-Down - but you can also use muriatic acid, or dry acid to lower pH, and soda ash to raise it.

Total Alkalinity (TA)
TA stands for Total Alkalinity, which will buffer the changes in your pH level. If you have low TA, your pH level is going to be wild going up and down a lot. If you have high TA, then your pH is going to drift up pretty quickly. The sweet spot for TA is going to be between 70-90 parts per million.

Calcium Hardness (CH)
Next up we have calcium hardness. Just like it sounds, CH measures how much calcium is in your swimming pool. If you don’t have any calcium in your water (and you have a plaster or gunite pool), then the water is going to dissolve the calcium out of the walls of the pool. If your calcium level gets too high, you can get calcium scaling (which is a pain to deal with). The ideal level, assuming you have a plaster or gunite pool, is 250-350 ppm. If you have a vinyl pool, you don't need any calcium at all, but it won’t hurt anything as long as it’s below the 350 level.

Cyanuric Acid (CYA)
Last but definitely not least is Cyanuric Acid (CYA). Basically, CYA acts like sunscreen for the free chlorine in your pool. We talked about how FC can be consumed by breaking down organic matter, or by burning off from the sun. Well the CYA helps reduce that burn-off from the sun, but it also lowers the effectiveness of the free chlorine less to fight algae.

Theres a sweet spot. You definitely want some in your pool, otherwise your chlorine will evaporate from your pool quickly. But if you have too much, then the free chlorine isn’t going to be able to do it’s job and keep your pool sanitized.

If you have a saltwater generator, the recommended level is between 60-80ppm.

If you don’t have a saltwater generator, then you want to be between 30-50ppm.

Something to keep in mind about CYA, unlike any of the other chemicals we talked about, is that the ONLY way to lower CYA is by replacing some of the water. There is no chemical you can use to bring your level down. Now you can put CYA in your pool (sometimes called stabilizer). But there is no way to lower your CYA besides draining some water and diluting it with fill water which has no CYA.

That’s pretty much it. There are other chemicals and components in your swimming pool, but these are the most important five that you should be familiar with.

If you have a brand new pool, you should test your water as often as possible to get familiar with the pool. Once you are familiar with you levels and understand how they shift, you can switch to testing these levels weekly.

If you have any questions about these chemical levels, or any other chemicals in your pool, feel free to comment below.

Happy swimming!

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كيمياء 101
الشابتر الأول Mateer and Measurements
الأستاذ : أسامة أبو عوض

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This is a video that I've been wanting to do for a while and I did my best to cover some of the fundamentals of safety. However, there are still plenty of things that I couldn't include and this will not at all prepare anyone to jump into practical chemistry.

References
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Naming compounds have never been so simple! With my strategy and step by step examples, you will be naming compounds like a pro in no time! This video explains every single type of ionic compound rule and covalent compound rule you will see and there are even practice problems to lock in what you just learned.

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https://melissa.help/thermonotes
📗 Acids and Bases Guide
https://melissa.help/acidbase1notes
📘 Naming Compounds and Acids Guide
https://melissa.help/namingnotes
📙 Dimensional Analysis, Significant Figures, and Density Guide
https://melissa.help/sigfignotes
📕 Gas Laws Guide
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📗 Stoichiometry Guide
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📘 Redox Reactions Guide
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📙 Molarity Guide
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📕 Limiting Reactants Guide
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📗 Lewis Structures Guide
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Practice problems with step by step answers:
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TIMESTAMPS
1:13 Naming Strategy
1:53 Ionic Compound Naming Rules
9:49 Covalent Compound Naming Rules Example
11:49 Practice problems

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Atoms are a lot like us - we call their relationships "bonds," and there are many different types. Each kind of atomic relationship requires a different type of energy, but they all do best when they settle into the lowest stress situation possible. The nature of the bond between atoms is related to the distance between them and, like people, it also depends on how positive or negative they are. Unlike human relationships, we can analyze exactly what makes chemical relationships work, and that's what this episode is all about.

If you are paying attention, you will learn that chemical bonds form in order to minimize the energy difference between two atoms or ions; that those chemical bonds may be covalent if atoms share electrons, and that covalent bonds can share those electrons evenly or unevenly; that bonds can also be ionic if the electrons are transferred instead of shared: and how to calculate the energy transferred in an ionic bond using Coulomb's Law.

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!

Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ

--
Table of Contents
Bonds Minimize Energy 01:38
Covalent Bonds 03:18
Ionic Bonds 05:37
Coulomb's Law 05:51

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How to apply wastewater chemistry and technology to save time, reduce headaches and maintain compliance.