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In this video, we look at how an electric motor works and the important role of the split-ring commutator.

This video is based on the AQA spec. If you are following a different exam board then you should check your specification. The Amazon link above is an affiliate link. This provides a small commission which helps to support freesciencelessons. The cost remains the same to you. If you prefer not to use this, you can search Amazon for the Freesciencelessons workbooks.

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Ernest Rutherford
https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Ernest_Rut

Ernest Marsden
S P Andrew Ltd (1921)
https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Ernest_Mar

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In this video I explain all the basics of particle physics and the standard model of particle physics. Check out Brilliant here: https://brilliant.org/DOS/
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The standard model of particle physics is our fundamental description of the stuff in the universe. It doesn’t answer why anything exists, but does describe what exists and how it behaves, and that’s what we’ll be discovering in this video. We will cover the fermions, which contain the quarks and the leptons, as well as the bosons or force carriers. As well as which of the fundamental forces each of these fundamental particles interact with, along with the Higgs field. We’ll also look at the conservation rules of particle physics, symmetries in physics and the various quantum numbers that rule which particle interactions are valid and which are not.

#particlephysics #standardmodel #DomainOfScience

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--- Credits ---
Art, animation, presented by Dominic Walliman

References
[1] good summary
https://physics.info/standard/
[2] CPT symmetry
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP_violation
[3] Arvin Ash video
https://youtu.be/gkHmXhhAF2Y
[4] Conservation rules video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkFr3BGO8Dg
[5] More conservation rules
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbf7y7Uv6d4
[6] Particle conservation laws
https://bit.ly/3pIb05M
[7] Short explanation of spin
https://bit.ly/2R7UIGV
[8] Short video explaining spin
https://youtu.be/cd2Ua9dKEl8
[9] Pauli exclusion principle
https://bit.ly/3mr4bF5
[10] The failure of supersymmetry
https://bit.ly/3uumFHn
[11] A nice summary of CP-symmetry
https://bit.ly/3t5WmqS

--- Chapters ---
00:00 Intro
00:28 What is particle physics?
01:33 The Fundamental Particles
02:13 Spin
3:52 Conservation Laws
5:01 Fermions and Bosons
7:40 Quarks
11:12 Color Charge
14:13 Leptons
16:39 Neutrinos
19:08 Symmetries in Physics
21:56 Conservation Laws With Forces
23:07 Summary So Far
23:36 Bosons
25:48 Gravity
26:52 Mysteries
28:24 The Future
29:08 Sponsor Message
30:12 End Ramble

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Welcome to Science WARS!
Chemistry-Bio-Physics-Mathematical
But which field is best?

PHYSICS:

I understand the force and energy
Quantum mechanics and relativity
My field is pure and they rely on me
I see the universe like nobody

You may have made fun of me in high school
For being awkward and following the rules
Now I’ve got laser (WOW, That’s really cool)
May the mass times acceleration be you

Atoms-Entropy-Dark Matter-String Theory

CHEMISTRY:

If you want to feel a bond
Then I can give you a good reaction
The elements that make up life
Are my essence, are my satisfaction

All the other fields out there are so basic
Yeah, I’m the central science
Keep your eye on me
I’ll get you charged

If you need me, call me up on
Avogadro's Number
If you leave me, take a titrant
Shove it up your acid buffer

Dopamine and serotonin
Will keep you good and happy
So get your flask and your glass all set up
And begin to understand the world!

BIO:

Within me you’ll find life’s beauty
In genetics and ecology
Symbiosis and not division
Unless it’s mitosis or the study of fission

Even if you don’t pass, at least you’ll enjoy my class!

Evolution, has brung us along
All species singing one song

MATH:

If you want to learn about the world I must say
I am the purest field of study you can take
Immune to misinterpretation
The blueprint of creation
The backbone of all things science

No bias, just constant augmentation
In your mind, and observation
No gadgets, just your logic and your time

And PIE

ENDING:

Together we will find the answers to life!
With physics-bio-chemistry-and math
We can...SCIENCE!

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Why do people think physics is difficult?? Is it because they think it's boring or is it because they find it complicated? Who is Isaac Newton, why did he find Gravity, how gravity is connected to the magnetic field, which is connected to electricity?? Yes, there are lots of questions. But physics is not just a field of science, everything around you is connected to physics. Velocity, displacement, speed, force, light, reflection, refraction, entropy, torque, all these things you can find in your daily life. There are different fields of physics such as fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, electrostatics. And to make these fields easy, scientists such as Georg Ohm, Han Christian Oersted, Daniel Bernoulli made some laws such as Ohm's law, Bernoulli equation, right- left-hand rule. So here is a video that explains most of physics in 10 minutes.


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Five areas of physics worth remembering: Classical mechanics, energy and thermodynamics, electromagnetism, Relativity, and Quantum Mechanics. Classical mechanics - two main concepts worth knowing. The first is Newton’s second law: F= ma: Force equals mass times acceleration. If you apply a force to a fixed mass, it tells you how much acceleration you will get. And knowing acceleration which is the change in velocity, you can make predictions.

The second equation is the law of universal gravitation. it allows us to determine the motion of heavenly bodies. It says that the gravitational attraction between two bodies is the product of their masses divided by the distance between them squared, times a constant, called Newton’s gravitational constant.

Energy is not a vector like force or momentum, but it is just a number. Work is closely related to energy. It is force times distance traveled. Energy for most objects consists of kinetic energy plus potential energy. KE is the energy of motion, It is KE = ½ M V^2 – the more mass you have and/or the more velocity you have, the more energy you have.

Gravitational potential energy is expressed as PE = m g h – mass times the gravitational acceleration times the height. The total energy of an object is both Kinetic energy plus potential energy. Potential energy can take many forms. Gasoline or petrol has chemical potential energy. Important: Energy is always conserved. It is not created or destroyed. It only changes form.

Thermodynamics is the study of work, heat, and energy on a system. We showed energy is how much work you could do. But another form of energy is thermal energy. If a car is moving and you apply the brakes, the kinetic energy of the car gets converted to thermal energy, created by friction of the car’s brakes. Temperature is the average kinetic energy of atoms in a system. Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of atoms in a system.

Entropy is a measure of disorder, or more accurately, the information required to describe the micro states of a system. The 2nd law of thermodynamics states that entropy of an isolated system can never decrease. Energy at lower entropy can do more work than energy at high entropy. The one way flow of Entropy seems to be the only reason we have a forward flow of time.

Electromagnetism is the study of the interaction between electrically charged particles. The essentials are in Maxwell’s equations. If you have a static object with a charge, it will affect only other charges. If you have a static magnet, it will affect only other magnets. It will not affect charges. But if you have a moving charge, it will affect a magnet. And if you have a moving magnet, it will affect a charge. The constants mu naught and epsilon naught are the permeability and permittivity of free space. These two constants determine the speed of light because they measure the resistance of space to changing electric and magnetic fields.

Special Relativity: Einstein presumed that the speed is the same in any frame of reference. This was one of the postulates.
The second postulate was principle of relativity - the laws of physics are the same for all observes who are moving at the same velocity relative to each other. Einstein showed that the only way these can be true is if time was not fixed, but was relative.

General relativity: Later Einstein showed using the same assumptions, there would be no way to tell if you were in an accelerating reference frame or standing stationary on earth. A flashlight beam will bend in gravity. But since light always takes the shortest path between any two points, this means that space-time itself is bending.

Quantum mechanics: Three principles are important. First by Max Planck, says that energy is not continuous, but is quantized. The amount of energy equals the frequency of the radiation times Planck's constant. Using this, Einstein later showed that a photon is both a wave and a particle.

The second is the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle: you cannot know both a particle’s exact position and it’s exact momentum at the same time. For a particle with mass, this means if you know exactly where a particle is, you don’t know how fast going. If you know exactly how fast it’s going, you don’t know where it is.
#allphysics
#arvinash
Schrodinger's equation: prior to measurement, quantum systems are in superposed states. This means that their properties can only be expressed as a wave function. A wave function simplified, is a set of probabilities. So in a hydrogen atom, you can’t know where to find the electron in advance. All you can know is the probability of where you might find it, if you measured it. Prior to measurement, all quantum systems are waves of probabilities. This is not a limitation of our measuring devices. It is a limitation of reality.
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When you pop a water balloon underwater does the water stay in one place or spread out? If we dye the water we can see how a water balloon behaves when it is popped under water and how that behavior changes when the water is hot or cold. The experiment see how density of liquids changes with temperature and how diffusion rates change with temperature.
Here are some more fun experiments!
Best Conservation of Momentum Mind Bender! (Part 1)
https://youtube.com/shorts/GgRXWJhDv8M
Best Conservation of Momentum Mind Bender! (Part 2)
https://youtube.com/shorts/9Fld4bnfpWY

Check out the WHOLE Whoosh Bottle Series!
1. Fun FULL experiment! (Click Full Screen!)
https://youtu.be/TjEc-lNJgng
2. Probably don't try this (I get a free whoosh bottle shower)
https://youtube.com/shorts/owCWNtWPg6Y
3. Try not to Flinch (see how stoic you are!)
https://youtube.com/shorts/f1GJWdI-noI
4. Try getting rid of smoke with this technique
https://youtube.com/shorts/fudymWKAO04
5. Whoosh Bottle foil ROCKET...High or low pressure?
https://youtube.com/shorts/2xyzZlOEFss
6. Whoosh BIG Balloon
https://youtube.com/shorts/YLHAPr7QpQc
7. Setting up the Whoosh Bottle
https://youtube.com/shorts/S7-iIacN8fo
8. Slow Motion Explanation
https://youtube.com/shorts/559OhYt7dKs
9. 5 Gallon Bottle Crush
https://youtube.com/shorts/xzW10-wXEk4

Like Challenges?
1. Best Conservation of Momentum Mind Bender! (Part 1)
https://youtube.com/shorts/GgRXWJhDv8M
2. Best Conservation of Momentum Mind Bender! (Part 2)
https://youtube.com/shorts/9Fld4bnfpWY
3. Best Conservation of Mass Experiment EVER!(maybe)
https://youtube.com/shorts/u8pg7OEyWjU
4. Which Candle goes out first?
https://youtu.be/KkKMnq1PqLs
5. How many candles can you relight with smoke?
https://youtube.com/shorts/HsSmVGBhPXA
6. Static Electricity and Sand
https://youtube.com/shorts/1b4X75gzuZk

#Flemdogscience #balloons #scienceexperiment #bestshorts #trendingshorts

This video covers:
- What waves are
- How to label a wave. E.g. amplitude, wavelength, crest, trough and time period
- How to calculate wave speed
- The difference between transverse and longitudinal waves

General info:
- Suitable for all GCSE and IGCSE courses
- Suitable for higher and foundation tiers
- Suitable for triple and combined science

Exam board specific info:
AQA - Everything is relevant to your course!
IGCSE Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course!
Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course!
OCR 21st Century - Everything is relevant to your course!
OCR Gateway - Everything is relevant to your course!

Quantum physics, also known as quantum mechanics, is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of matter and energy at the smallest scales, such as atoms, molecules, and subatomic particles. It provides a framework for understanding the strange and counterintuitive phenomena that occur in the quantum realm. Here, we explore three of the most fascinating phenomena in quantum physics that challenge our classical understanding of the universe.

In this video you'll learn:
- The 'conservation of energy principle'
- The different energy stores
- How energy is transferred between stores
- What we mean by 'work done'

General info:
- Suitable for all GCSE and IGCSE courses

Exam board specific info:
AQA - Everything is relevant to your course!
IGCSE Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course!
Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course!
OCR 21st Century - Everything is relevant to your course!
OCR Gateway - Everything is relevant to your course!

NOTE FROM TED: We've flagged this talk, which was filmed at a TEDx event, because it appears to fall outside TEDx's curatorial guidelines. This talk only represents the speaker’s personal understanding of quantum physics and energy. The concepts discussed in this talk are not based on peer-reviewed scientific evidence or research. TEDx events are independently organized by volunteers. The guidelines we give TEDx organizers are described in more detail here: http://storage.ted.com/tedx/ma....nuals/tedx_content_g

Many people have dreams and desires that they let go dormant simply because they don't know how to make it their reality. Understanding the tools and laws that are currently available to them is the one key they are missing. Suzanne has shifted her entire life to create the life she has always dreamed of, by simply utilizing quantum physics and the laws of energetics. Suzanne Adams is a best-selling author, thought-leader, and business coach whose teachings on quantum physics, laws of energetics, and women's empowerment have impacted thousands of people from all over the world. She has personally trained with powerful leaders like Lisa Nichols and Gabby Bernstein and has taught over 5,000 successful professionals how to step into their power and achieve fulfillment, including how to make dreams a true reality.

Suzanne has been featured on Fox, NBC, and The Huffington Post for her work helping entrepreneurs reach their highest levels of potential. Now she is passionate about bringing her own personal story, knowledge of quantum physics and the power of human transformation to the TEDx stage. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx

In this lighthearted talk Dominic Walliman gives us four guiding principles for easy science communication and unravels the myth that quantum physics is difficult to understand, it’s all in how it’s explained.


Dominic Walliman is a physicist, and award-winning science writer. He received his PhD in quantum device physics from the University of Birmingham and currently works at D-Wave Systems Inc., a quantum computing company in Vancouver. Dominic grew up reading science books and remembers vividly the excitement of discovering the mind-boggling explanations that science gives us about the Universe. If he can pass on this wonder and enjoyment to the next generation, he will consider it a job well done.

This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx

NBC Learn, in partnership with the United States Golf Association, explores the science of golf. In this segment, the physics behind the development of golf clubs is discussed, comparing designs from the past and present. Visit www.NBCLearn.com for more.

For daily updates from the United States Golf Association, visit us at www.usga.org, on Twitter (www.Twitter.com/USGA; www.Twitter.com/usopengolf) and on Facebook (www.Facebook.com/USGA; www.Facebook.com/USOPEN).