Title:
Physics Experiments you can do at your home #ScienceExperiment #PhysicsFun #ScienceShorts

Description:
Watch this fun and easy science experiment you can try at home! In this video, we place a paper wind turbine over a candle and watch it spin. But how does it work? Is there an invisible force at play, or could it be something more simple? Use your engineering brain to figure it out, and let us know your thoughts in the comments below!

Hashtags:
#ScienceExperiment #WindTurbine #PhysicsFun #DIYExperiment #ScienceFacts #STEM #Engineering #Curiosity #ScienceShorts #AmazingScience

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In this video, we dive into the details of how the Stern-Gerlach experiment provided unquestionable evidence of quantum behavior in atomic physics.


[Related videos]

∘ Franck-Hertz experiment https://youtu.be/MCJl3-pHGuU
∘ The fine structure of the atom https://youtu.be/H4ZnVpiQTDw
∘ Millikan tests Einstein's light theory https://youtu.be/fQzirkrXOxk
∘ Playlist video series on Quantum Physics https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PL_UV-wQj1lv


[Erratum]
01:02 Einstein received his Ph.D. from the University of Zurich, not the ETH Zurich. Thanks @mattabesta for pointing this out.

[References]

∘ W. Gerlach and O. Stern, "Der experimentelle Nachweis der Richtungsquantelung im Magnetfeld," Z. Phys. 9, 349 (1922)
∘ G. E. Uhlenbeck and S. Goudsmit, Naturwissenschaften 13, 953–954 (1925)
∘ A. Sommerfeld, "Zur Theorie des Zeemans-Effekts der Wasserstofflinien, mit einem Anhang über den Stark-Effekt," Phys. Z. 17, 491 (1916)
∘ P. Debye, "Quantenhypothese und Zeeman-Effekt," Phys. Z. 17, 507 (1916)
∘ O. Stern, "Ein Weg zur experimentellen Prüfung der Richtungsquantelung," Z. Phys. 7, 249 (1921)
∘ W. Gerlach, "Otto Stern zum Gedenken," Physikalische Blätter 25:412 (1969)
∘ D. Herschbach, Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. Engl. 26, 1225 (1987)
∘ W. Gerlach and O. Stern, "Der experimentelle Nachweis des magnetischen Moments des Silberatoms," Z. Phys. 8, 110 (1921)
∘ W. Gerlach and O. Stern, "Über die Richtungsquantelung im Magnetfeld," Ann. Phys. 74, 673 (1924)
∘ M. Born, "My Life: Recollections of a Nobel Laureate," Scribner, New York (1978)
∘ B. Friedrich and D. Herschbach, "Space Quantization: Otto Stern's Lucky Star," Daedalus 127, 165 (1998)


[Credits]

Stern-Gerlach experiment, by Tatoute under CC BY-SA 4.0
Spin angular momentum by T. Knott/CheChe under CC BY-SA 4.0
Otto Stern, public domain
Prag (1912), by J. Neuwirth, public domain
Albert Einstein in 1912, by J. F. Langhans , public domain
Max Laue, public domain
X-ray diffraction by W. Friedrich, Knipping P, M. Laue, Classe der K.B. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München (1912)
Wettermessungen, by the German Federal Archive, under CC-BY-SA 3.0
Feldberg weather station, by T. Berwing, under CC BY-SA 3.0
Steps at the Solvay Insitute, by T. Sheerman-Chase, under CC BY 2.0
Walther Nernst, public domain
Wreckage of a German Albatross D. III fighter biplane, by Library of Congress, public domain
James Franck, public domain
Gustav Hertz, public domain
University of Frankfurt am Main in 1920, public domain
Otto Stern in the lab, AIP
Visible spectrum of hydrogen, by J. Homann under CC BY-SA 3.0
Max Born, public domain
Arnold Sommerfeld , by Bain News Service, public domain
Peter Debye, public domain
Sommerfeld orbits, by CielProfond under CC BY-SA 4.0
Rutherford atom animation, by G. Creador under CC BY 3.0
Solar system, by Orrery under CC BY-SA 4.0
Walther Gerlach, public domain
Universität Frankfurt, Archiv der Universität Frankfurt
Friedrich Paschen, public domain
Menschenmenge vor Bäckerei, by German Federal Archive, under CC-BY-SA 3.0
Wrecked WWI crane, by National Library of Scotland, public domain
Starlight bent by the sun's attraction, by W. B. Robinson, public domain
Reichsbank, Geldauflieferungsstelle, by German Federal Archive, under CC-BY-SA 3.0
New York City Skyline, New York, by I. Underhill, public domain
Goldman Sachs Tower, by J. Hałun, under CC BY 4.0
Goldman Sachs logo, by The Goldman Sachs Group, public domain
Born lecturing, AIP
Rostock, public domain


AIP: American Institute of Physics, Emilio Segrè Visual Archives
CC BY 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
CC BY 3.0: https://creativecommons.org/li....censes/by/3.0/deed.e
CC BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/li....censes/by/4.0/deed.e
CC BY-SA 3.0: https://creativecommons.org/li....censes/by-sa/3.0/dee
CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

I show you how to make a ball that seems to roll on its own. Then I show you the egg of Columbus.

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Tuning fork resonance experiment|Anbu's Mind|Oscillations|Vibrations|Frequency|Physics experiment

Would you trust physics? In this captivating demonstration, Museum Educator Eric puts his trust in the fundamental principles of physics to the test. Join us as we explore Newton’s Third Law of Motion, witnessing the remarkable interplay between potential and kinetic energy. From the careful buildup of energy to its dynamic release, Eric's engaging experiment offers a hands-on lesson in the wonders of scientific discovery.

Short Science: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLxeUBLGfcIB

Science Experiments: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLxeUBLGfcIB

Among the world's largest science centers, the Museum of Science engages millions of people each year to the wonders of science and technology through interactive exhibitions, digital programs, giant screen productions, and preK – 12 EiE® STEM curricula through the William and Charlotte Bloomberg Science Education Center. Established in 1830, the Museum is home to such iconic experiences as the Theater of Electricity, the Charles Hayden Planetarium, and the Mugar Omni Theater. Around the world, the Museum is known for digital experiences such as Mission: Mars on Roblox, and traveling exhibitions such as the Science Behind Pixar. Learn more at https://www.mos.org/

Copyright © 2024. Museum of Science. All rights reserved. This video is owned by the Museum of Science and may not be reproduced, redistributed, or used in any manner without prior written permission from the Museum of Science.


#MuseumofScience #Boston #ScienceforAll

Supported by Screen Australia and Youtube through the Skip Ahead initiative.

Safety and where to get the supplies:

I would love for you to try this experiment but please be careful with the lasers. If you're going to buy a green laser then it's crucial that you buy a proper one. Green lasers emit light a lot of invisible IR light and in cheap lasers this often isn't filtered out well. Blue/ violet lasers can also be dangerous for another reason. Our eyes are terrible at seeing these wavelengths, so the laser will look much less strong than it is, which means you might be playing with a dangerously strong laser without knowing it. Red lasers are generally the safer bet. I saw the effect I was looking for even when I used cheap ~1mW red lasers, so it will still work for you!

If you'd like to invest in a nice laser though, this article has some trustworthy green laser brands: https://www.planetguide.net/as....tronomy-laser-pointe

Another way to buy lasers that are eyesafe is to get them from school science lab suppliers.

(Note: in some countries it's illegal to sell lasers over 1mW. Please check the laws where you live. In the USA the limit is 5mW)

The smoke machine I got used glycerol. I’m very suspicious of breathing in that smoke though, especially since the room can't be too well ventilated or it won't work. Fine particulate matter is a serious health risk in general so even though glycerol is nontoxic I think it may still be hazardous to inhale. I recommend wearing an airtight n95 mask or similar while doing this experiment.

It found it a bit tricky to source the double slit cheaply in Australia- your best bet might be a science lab supplier. In the USA you can get it on amazon though.

Video credits:
The beautiful animations in this video are made by Kathy Sarpi: https://kathysarpi.com/

Thank you to Screen Australia and Google Australia for funding this project, and to the wonderful people at Screen Australia who helped me throughout the process.

Thanks also to all my beta testers (aka friends)!!

The Photoelectric Effect

See the full video here: https://youtu.be/oYnp0WZDhYQ

#shorts