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Title:
Physics Experiments you can do at your home #ScienceExperiment #PhysicsFun #ScienceShorts

Description:
Watch this fun and easy science experiment you can try at home! In this video, we place a paper wind turbine over a candle and watch it spin. But how does it work? Is there an invisible force at play, or could it be something more simple? Use your engineering brain to figure it out, and let us know your thoughts in the comments below!

Hashtags:
#ScienceExperiment #WindTurbine #PhysicsFun #DIYExperiment #ScienceFacts #STEM #Engineering #Curiosity #ScienceShorts #AmazingScience

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In this video, we dive into the details of how the Stern-Gerlach experiment provided unquestionable evidence of quantum behavior in atomic physics.


[Related videos]

∘ Franck-Hertz experiment https://youtu.be/MCJl3-pHGuU
∘ The fine structure of the atom https://youtu.be/H4ZnVpiQTDw
∘ Millikan tests Einstein's light theory https://youtu.be/fQzirkrXOxk
∘ Playlist video series on Quantum Physics https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PL_UV-wQj1lv


[Erratum]
01:02 Einstein received his Ph.D. from the University of Zurich, not the ETH Zurich. Thanks @mattabesta for pointing this out.

[References]

∘ W. Gerlach and O. Stern, "Der experimentelle Nachweis der Richtungsquantelung im Magnetfeld," Z. Phys. 9, 349 (1922)
∘ G. E. Uhlenbeck and S. Goudsmit, Naturwissenschaften 13, 953–954 (1925)
∘ A. Sommerfeld, "Zur Theorie des Zeemans-Effekts der Wasserstofflinien, mit einem Anhang über den Stark-Effekt," Phys. Z. 17, 491 (1916)
∘ P. Debye, "Quantenhypothese und Zeeman-Effekt," Phys. Z. 17, 507 (1916)
∘ O. Stern, "Ein Weg zur experimentellen Prüfung der Richtungsquantelung," Z. Phys. 7, 249 (1921)
∘ W. Gerlach, "Otto Stern zum Gedenken," Physikalische Blätter 25:412 (1969)
∘ D. Herschbach, Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. Engl. 26, 1225 (1987)
∘ W. Gerlach and O. Stern, "Der experimentelle Nachweis des magnetischen Moments des Silberatoms," Z. Phys. 8, 110 (1921)
∘ W. Gerlach and O. Stern, "Über die Richtungsquantelung im Magnetfeld," Ann. Phys. 74, 673 (1924)
∘ M. Born, "My Life: Recollections of a Nobel Laureate," Scribner, New York (1978)
∘ B. Friedrich and D. Herschbach, "Space Quantization: Otto Stern's Lucky Star," Daedalus 127, 165 (1998)


[Credits]

Stern-Gerlach experiment, by Tatoute under CC BY-SA 4.0
Spin angular momentum by T. Knott/CheChe under CC BY-SA 4.0
Otto Stern, public domain
Prag (1912), by J. Neuwirth, public domain
Albert Einstein in 1912, by J. F. Langhans , public domain
Max Laue, public domain
X-ray diffraction by W. Friedrich, Knipping P, M. Laue, Classe der K.B. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München (1912)
Wettermessungen, by the German Federal Archive, under CC-BY-SA 3.0
Feldberg weather station, by T. Berwing, under CC BY-SA 3.0
Steps at the Solvay Insitute, by T. Sheerman-Chase, under CC BY 2.0
Walther Nernst, public domain
Wreckage of a German Albatross D. III fighter biplane, by Library of Congress, public domain
James Franck, public domain
Gustav Hertz, public domain
University of Frankfurt am Main in 1920, public domain
Otto Stern in the lab, AIP
Visible spectrum of hydrogen, by J. Homann under CC BY-SA 3.0
Max Born, public domain
Arnold Sommerfeld , by Bain News Service, public domain
Peter Debye, public domain
Sommerfeld orbits, by CielProfond under CC BY-SA 4.0
Rutherford atom animation, by G. Creador under CC BY 3.0
Solar system, by Orrery under CC BY-SA 4.0
Walther Gerlach, public domain
Universität Frankfurt, Archiv der Universität Frankfurt
Friedrich Paschen, public domain
Menschenmenge vor Bäckerei, by German Federal Archive, under CC-BY-SA 3.0
Wrecked WWI crane, by National Library of Scotland, public domain
Starlight bent by the sun's attraction, by W. B. Robinson, public domain
Reichsbank, Geldauflieferungsstelle, by German Federal Archive, under CC-BY-SA 3.0
New York City Skyline, New York, by I. Underhill, public domain
Goldman Sachs Tower, by J. Hałun, under CC BY 4.0
Goldman Sachs logo, by The Goldman Sachs Group, public domain
Born lecturing, AIP
Rostock, public domain


AIP: American Institute of Physics, Emilio Segrè Visual Archives
CC BY 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
CC BY 3.0: https://creativecommons.org/li....censes/by/3.0/deed.e
CC BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/li....censes/by/4.0/deed.e
CC BY-SA 3.0: https://creativecommons.org/li....censes/by-sa/3.0/dee
CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

I show you how to make a ball that seems to roll on its own. Then I show you the egg of Columbus.

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Tuning fork resonance experiment|Anbu's Mind|Oscillations|Vibrations|Frequency|Physics experiment

Would you trust physics? In this captivating demonstration, Museum Educator Eric puts his trust in the fundamental principles of physics to the test. Join us as we explore Newton’s Third Law of Motion, witnessing the remarkable interplay between potential and kinetic energy. From the careful buildup of energy to its dynamic release, Eric's engaging experiment offers a hands-on lesson in the wonders of scientific discovery.

Short Science: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLxeUBLGfcIB

Science Experiments: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLxeUBLGfcIB

Among the world's largest science centers, the Museum of Science engages millions of people each year to the wonders of science and technology through interactive exhibitions, digital programs, giant screen productions, and preK – 12 EiE® STEM curricula through the William and Charlotte Bloomberg Science Education Center. Established in 1830, the Museum is home to such iconic experiences as the Theater of Electricity, the Charles Hayden Planetarium, and the Mugar Omni Theater. Around the world, the Museum is known for digital experiences such as Mission: Mars on Roblox, and traveling exhibitions such as the Science Behind Pixar. Learn more at https://www.mos.org/

Copyright © 2024. Museum of Science. All rights reserved. This video is owned by the Museum of Science and may not be reproduced, redistributed, or used in any manner without prior written permission from the Museum of Science.


#MuseumofScience #Boston #ScienceforAll

Supported by Screen Australia and Youtube through the Skip Ahead initiative.

Safety and where to get the supplies:

I would love for you to try this experiment but please be careful with the lasers. If you're going to buy a green laser then it's crucial that you buy a proper one. Green lasers emit light a lot of invisible IR light and in cheap lasers this often isn't filtered out well. Blue/ violet lasers can also be dangerous for another reason. Our eyes are terrible at seeing these wavelengths, so the laser will look much less strong than it is, which means you might be playing with a dangerously strong laser without knowing it. Red lasers are generally the safer bet. I saw the effect I was looking for even when I used cheap ~1mW red lasers, so it will still work for you!

If you'd like to invest in a nice laser though, this article has some trustworthy green laser brands: https://www.planetguide.net/as....tronomy-laser-pointe

Another way to buy lasers that are eyesafe is to get them from school science lab suppliers.

(Note: in some countries it's illegal to sell lasers over 1mW. Please check the laws where you live. In the USA the limit is 5mW)

The smoke machine I got used glycerol. I’m very suspicious of breathing in that smoke though, especially since the room can't be too well ventilated or it won't work. Fine particulate matter is a serious health risk in general so even though glycerol is nontoxic I think it may still be hazardous to inhale. I recommend wearing an airtight n95 mask or similar while doing this experiment.

It found it a bit tricky to source the double slit cheaply in Australia- your best bet might be a science lab supplier. In the USA you can get it on amazon though.

Video credits:
The beautiful animations in this video are made by Kathy Sarpi: https://kathysarpi.com/

Thank you to Screen Australia and Google Australia for funding this project, and to the wonderful people at Screen Australia who helped me throughout the process.

Thanks also to all my beta testers (aka friends)!!

The Photoelectric Effect

See the full video here: https://youtu.be/oYnp0WZDhYQ

#shorts

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Music in the video are songs I created.

Song #1: Over Rain
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Song #2 Soul Switch Remix - Will be available soon

All of these tricks take advantage of static electricity. In general, the lower the humidity, the better these tricks will work. The most impressive one to me is the floating bag trick. Depending on the conditions, you can float an entire grocery sack.

1. Hover Plate: (You need Styrofoam Plates and a cloth) Styrofoam plates are great for static electricity tricks. When you give them a charge and hold one above the other, you can feel an incredible amount of resistance.

2. Can Can Go (You need a coke can, PVC pipe and a cloth) This is a classic but still fun. Try standing the can up and then tip it over with static, or try pulling 2 cans at the same time.

3. Stick Around (You need a small wooden stick, glass jar, thread, tape, PVC pipe and a cloth) This one is fun because half of the time the wooden stick will come toward the pvc pipe, and other times it will move away from the pipe. When it moves away, it will stick the the side of the jar and remain there for a period of time. It also fun to use as large a jar as possible to increase the dramatic effect of the pipe moving the stick from such a large distance.

4. Bubble Trouble (You need bubble solution, plexi-glass, PVC pipe, straw and a cloth. This is a fun trick because the bubbles change their shape and move when the pvc pipe is near. It's also fun to create bubbles inside of bubbles to watch the effect of the static electricity. And also create multiple bubbles on the sheet and watch them all travel toward the pipe.

5. Dancing Balls (You need styrofoam balls, aluminum foil, plexi-glass, cloth, and an area to keep the balls from escaping. This trick is really impressive but can be a bit difficult to recreate. When the plexi-glass plate is charged and placed over the balls, they all jump up and stick to the bottom of the glass. For a few moments they travel around sporadically until they finally settle. But when you put your finger near the glass, they all start jumping around. It's also fun to use these balls with styrofoam plates / cups. If you place the ball on a charged plate, it will shoot off of the plate, or stick to it, even if the plate is held sideways or upside down.

6. Water Bender (You need a cup that you can poke a hole in, water, PVC pipe and a cloth. This is a classic but still fun.

7. Balloon Fight (You need balloons, thread, PVC pipe and cloth. When the conditions are just right, the balloon can almost levitate about the pipe. But most of the time you can have fun pushing the balloons around with the charged pipe.

8. Electroscope (You need, steel wire, jar, straw, aluminum foil, PVC pipe and a cloth) This one is really impressive to see in person. A really cool effect to try, which you can see in this video, is to rub the cloth on the pvc pipe from several feet away from the jar. When you run the pipe, you can see the aluminum foil pieces in the jar, moving. I was able to stand as far as 5 feet away and still see the effect.

9. Wingardium Leviosa (You need very light weight / thin plastic bags, cloth, PVC pipe) This is my favorite trick. Again, with the correct conditions, you can get the plastic pieces to float over foot above the pipe. Produce bags from the grocery store work great. You can float an entire produce bag in the right conditions.

Have fun!

5 HOMEMADE PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS you can do
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The double-slit experiment is wild! #shorts