This video explains how the structure of the atom is directly responsible for the shape of the Periodic Table, and allows scientists to read the personality of each kind of atom due to its position. Protons, electrons, and neutrons explain everything about how an atom works and the making of the periodic table itself.

00:15 Scientists J J Thompson (1897), E Rutherford (1907) and J Chadwich (1932) discovery
00:25 Smaller particles: Positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons in the center called nucleus
00:51 The Nucleus
01:23 The atom is mainly empty space
01:46 Henry Moseley (1913) discovered that Atomic Number = Number of Protons
02:32 Number of protons = Number of electrons (in a neutral atom)
03:10 Isotopes
03:25 Atomic Mass Unit AMU
04:30 Neutorns have a big effect on the atomic weight but do not matter much in making chemical bonds
04:50 Electron Shells
05:15 Electrons are like guests in a hotel
06:20 Quantum Jump
06:38 Valence Electrons
07:00 Hydrogen
07:35 Helium
08:15 The Periodic Table
08:22 Lithium
08:52 Beryllium
09:00 Boron
09:17 Carbon
09:23 Nitrogen
09:30 Oxygen
09:35 Fluorine
09:39 Neon
09:55 Third shell
10:00 Sodium
10:30 Magnesium
10:40 Alkaline Earth Metals - the same number of valence electrons
11:53 Period 3
13:20 They can explain almost all of chemistry
13:38 Periodic Table Trends
14:00 Next video URL:

Video transcript:
“
To explain how atoms behave, we need to look inside them.
About a hundred years ago scientists discovered that atoms aren’t like tiny solid marbles as they thought, but made of three much, much smaller particles - positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons in their centre, called the nucleus, and negatively charged electrons orbiting on the outside in shells. See our video about how scientists discovered protons, electrons and neutrons at the link in the descrIption:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBgIMRV895w

THE NUCLEUS
The nucleus is much smaller than shown here in the diagram. If an atom were the size of a football stadium, then its nucleus would be the size of a pea. This means the atom is mostly empty space. And so are YOU.
Even though the nucleus is tiny, it makes up over 99.9% of the atom’s mass. That’s because protons and neutrons are 2 thousand times heavier than electrons. So they don’t matter much.
In 1913, Henry Moseley discovered that an element’s Atomic Number was always the same as the number of protons in its nucleus. What a coincidence! This is now the modern definition of Atomic Number.
This atom has 5 protons so its Atomic Number is 5. This is the number above the element’s symbol on the PT. Which element is it? …. Boron.
In an electrically neutral atom, the number of positive Protons must equal the number of negative electrons so that their charges cancel. So a boron also has 5 electrons. The job of neutrons is to overcome the proton-proton repulsions, and to keep the nucleus together. Most boron atoms use 6 neutrons to stabilize their nuclei, but some can get away with 5. The number of neutrons can vary between atoms of the same kind, so scientists give these a special name- isotopes. So boron has two! isotopes.
Protons and neutrons both have a mass of about 1 atomic mass unit, or amu, or just u, or even the Dalton. They all mean the same thing, which is a bit annoying. Call me old fashioned, but I prefer amu. Scientists use this tiny mass unit for atoms as grams or pounds are too big. Electrons weigh hardly anything. So the atom’s mass is just the sum of its protons and neutrons. Both boron's have 5 protons, so its 6-neutron isotope would weigh 11, and its 5-neutron isotope 10 amu. It’s Atomic Weight shown on the PT is 10.8 and is the average of its two isotopes. It’s is closer to 11 because it’s the more abundant one.
Neutrons have a big effect on Atomic Weight, but don’t matter much in making chemical bonds, which we’re interested in here. So we’ll just look at protons and electrons from now on. Bye, bye neutrons. And Atomic Weights.
ELECTRON SHELLS
The first electron shell can accommodate 2 electrons before it’s full, while the 2nd shell can accommodate up to 8. This is why boron has only 2 electrons in its 1st shell, and the remaining 3 electrons in the 2nd shell.
Electrons are like guests in a hotel. Here’s a normal hotel. And here’s the Quantum Hotel that better shows how electrons fit around an atom. The 1st floor can take 2 guests before it’s full, the 2nd floor also 8, the 3rd floor 8, and the 4th and 5th 18 each. When a floor is full a new arrival is sent to the next floor up. This guest on the 4th floor has more energy than the guests below, which she would find out if she jumped. When she lands, the energy she had turns into sound energy. Electrons in higher levels also have more energy, and when they jump down, light energy is emitted instead. This is called a quantum jump.
“

This video tutorial study guide review is for students who are taking their first semester of college general chemistry, IB, or AP Chemistry. Even if you’re studying for the general chemistry section of the MCAT, DAT, PCAT, OAT or SAT Subject chemistry test, this video can help give you a nice overview of all the topics you need to learn in General Chemistry 1. This introduction video contains plenty of examples and practice problems to help prepare you for the final exam. It has about 160 multiple choice questions in the form of a practice test. Feel free to use it as a study guide. The solutions to each problem is provided as well as the equations and formulas that you need to solve it.

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This is for those who are struggling to figure out how to self-study A Level H2 Chemistry. #singapore #alevels #chemistry

The entire field of chemistry summarised in 12mins from simple atoms to the molecules that keep you alive.

#chemistry #DomainOfScience

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Errata and notes:
1. I got the Oxidising Agent and the Reducing Agent the wrong way around! Sodium is the Reducing agent and Chlorine is the Oxidising agent. My confusion was that when a sodium atom looses an electron it becomes oxidised, so in my simple brain, I called it the oxidising agent. That is wrong because the agent that oxidises the sodium is the chlorine atom and so the labels are the wrong way around. Doh!
2. I drew the hydrogen H2 molecule with a double bond but it should be a single bond because they are bonded with a single covalent bond.
3. Where I have drawn carbon dioxide, the carbon should have a double bond to each of the oxygens.
4. Apparently Feynman diagrams are not that useful for theoretical chemistry, so perhaps that wasn't the best choice for the illustration. The feedback in the comments from a real theoretical chemist is "All we deal with is shuffling around electrons, but many many many electrons, so a Feynman diagram would need to be huge but at the same time would be very very repetitive."
5. In analytical chemistry, I should have called it distillation rather than precipitation.
6. My definition of organic chemistry being about ‘life’ is not very good. I should have said that organic chemistry looks at compounds that contain carbon. But there are some compounds in inorganic chemistry that also contain carbon, like carbon dioxide so I guess I'd also have to state that inorganic chemistry is almost everything else.
7. I said that fuels are inorganic chemistry which is misleading when I drew a car next to it. My understanding is that there are inorganic fuels that don't contain carbon, but obviously all the fuels we are familiar with are organic. I thought a picture of a car would tie a few things together elegantly, but it ended up giving the wrong impression. That’s okay, I’m still learning! :D
8. In inorganic chemistry, I should have stated that all natural minerals fall under inorganic chemistry so as not to be misleading, otherwise you might go way thinking that only man-made substances fall under inorganic chemistry which is not true. I said that 'a lot of the inorganic compounds that are studied are man-made' meaning that the cutting edge of research is mostly man-made substances.
9. Apparently water is not the most inflammable substance. I thought it was so that is interesting.
10. In the bonding section, hydrogen bonding and van der waals forces are technically inter molecular forces.

Here are some of the references I used for this video if you’d like to dig a little deeper
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_chemistry
https://www.uwlax.edu/chemistr....y-and-biochemistry/s
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry
https://www.cancerquest.org/ca....ncer-biology/biologi
Early smelting:
http://ispatguru.com/evolution....-of-blast-furnace-ir
Categorisation of reactions
http://www2.ucdsb.on.ca/tiss/s....tretton/chem1/stoich

Thanks so much to my supporters on Patreon. If you enjoy my videos and would like to help me make more this is the best way and I appreciate it very much. https://www.patreon.com/domainofscience

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In this video we read about :----

introduction
sources of water
impurities in water
sources of impurities in water
and specification of water for different uses

Chemistry for General Biology students. This video covers the nature of matter, elements, atomic structure and what those sneaky electrons do. AND as a bonus, I cover Lewis dot diagrams -- which most of you won't see in your general biology class -- but they will help you SO MUCH you'll wonder how you've lived without them!

#chemistry #atoms #nursingstudent #biologystudent #chemistrybasics #chemistrystudent

Part II is here: http://youtu.be/Juw7HBg0zZs

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This video tutorial provides a basic introduction into chemistry. You can access the full video at the link shown below:

Full Video on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor

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Here is a list of topics:
1. Intro to the Periodic Table of the Elements
2. Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Transition Metals, Chalcogens, Halogens, and Noble Gases
3. Ion Charges of Representative Elements
4. Atoms, Molecules, Pure Elements, and Compounds
5. Ionic Compounds and Molecular Compounds
6. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
7. Atoms vs Ions
8. Cations and Anions
9. Nomenclature of Molecular Compounds
10. How To Name Ionic Compounds
11. Naming Ionic Compounds With Transition Metals & Roman Numerals
12. Polyatomic Ions
13. Writing Chemical Formulas of Ionic Compounds
14. Average Atomic Mass
15. Isotopes
16. How To Determine The Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons In Atoms and Ions

Hank does his best to convince us that chemistry is not torture, but is instead the amazing and beautiful science of stuff. Chemistry can tell us how three tiny particles - the proton, neutron, and electron - come together in trillions of combinations to form ... everything. In this inaugural episode of Crash Course Chemistry, we start out with one of the biggest ideas in chemistry ever - stuff is made from atoms. More specifically, we learn about the properties of the nucleus and why they are important to defining what an atom actually is.

This video is available in Spanish on our Crash Course en Español channel! Watch it here: https://youtu.be/G7wUMpsB5k8

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo
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Table of Contents
Intro 00:00
Einstein & Atoms 02:05
Composition of Atoms 03:18
Atomic Number 04:20
Isotopes 08:04
Relative Atomic Mass 07:26
Mass Number 07:44

Watch the SciShow episodes on the Strong Nuclear Force here:
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNDOSMqGLlg

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In this lesson, you will learn what the study of chemistry entails, why chemistry is important, and the basic ideas studied in any introduction to chemistry. We describe chemistry as the study of matter and the chemical rearrangement of atoms in a chemical reaction. In chemistry, reactants are mixed together and products are formed. The products are formed as a result of the atoms in the reactants transferring or sharing electrons, and rearranging the order of the atoms and how the atoms are bonded. Chemical bonds are broken in the reactants, and bonds are formed in the products. In chemistry, we want to understand how these reactions occur, and we learn how to calculate how much product will form. We are also interested in how these reactions occur in aqueous (water) solution, as this is central in many chemical reactions. We also study the electron configuration of the atoms, gas laws including the ideal gas law, chemical kinetics, equilibrium, and more..

Courses on Khan Academy are always 100% free. Start practicing—and saving your progress—now: https://www.khanacademy.org/sc....ience/chemistry/atom

A big picture view of chemistry and why it is fascinating. How chemistry relates to math and other sciences.

View more lessons or practice this subject at https://www.khanacademy.org/sc....ience/chemistry/atom?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=desc&utm_campaign=chemistry

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This online chemistry video tutorial provides a basic overview / introduction of common concepts taught in high school regular, honors, and ap chemistry as well as college general chemistry.

Significant Figures Review: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2yuDvwYq5g

Unit Conversion Problems:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eK8gXP3pImU

Accuracy and Precision:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IiHPKAvo7g

Density Practice Problems:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CKDQE35qXQ

_________________________________
Physical and Chemical Changes:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YE2xaMsoGFU

Physical Vs Chemical Properties:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gH1R87ahFvA

Protons, Neutrons, & Electrons:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65dDZulPhtg

Average Atomic Mass:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JT18bDAadQ0

Ionic and Covalent Bonding:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDFLHTDJ4XA

______________________________________
Naming Molecular Compounds:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3agUL7-ezXk

Naming Ionic Compounds:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rSgduXqhhU

Naming Acids In Chemistry:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7PfTMAFYgs

Stoichiometry Problems:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP2Yg8alyR0

Solution Stoichiometry :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ab3wfKjaWWQ

Final Exams and Video Playlists:
https://www.video-tutor.net/

This is just a few minutes of a complete course.
Get full lessons & more subjects at: http://www.MathTutorDVD.com.

In this lesson the student will be introduced to the core concepts of chemistry 1..